Webvision
  • Preface
  • About the Editors
  • Basic Anatomy and Organization of the Retina
    • Gross Anatomy of the Eye. Eduardo Fernandez
    • Simple Anatomy of the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • How the Retina Works (7.5 MB pdf file). Helga Kolb
  • Anatomy and Physiology of the Retina
    • The Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Olaf Strauss
    • Photoreceptors. Helga Kolb
    • Outer Plexiform Layer. Helga Kolb
    • S-Potentials and Horizontal cells. Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson
    • Inner Plexiform Layer. Helga Kolb
    • Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion cells. Helga Kolb
    • Visual Responses of Ganglion cells. Ralph Nelson
    • Melanopsin-expressing, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs). Dustin M. Graham and Kwoon Y. Wong
    • Glial cells of the retina. Helga Kolb
    • The Architecture of the Human Fovea. Helga Kolb, Ralph Nelson, Peter Ahnelt, Isabel Ortuño-Lizarán and Nicolas Cuenca
  • Retinal Circuits
    • Circuitry for Rod Signals. Helga Kolb
    • Cone Pathways through the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • Roles of Amacrine Cells. Helga Kolb
    • AII Amacrine Cells. Mahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton
    • Midget Pathways of the Primate Retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency. Helga Kolb
    • S-cone Pathways. Helga Kolb
    • Feedback Loops. Helga Kolb
    • The Anatomy and Physiology of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells. Jinyue Liu
    • Myriad roles for gap junctions in retinal circuits. Stuart Trenholm, Ph.D. and Gautam B. Awatramani, Ph.D.
  • Neuroactive Substances in the Retina
    • General characteristics of the neurotransmitters in the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • Glycine Receptor Diversity in the Mammalian Retina. Silke Haverkamp
    • The Role of Dopamine in Retinal Function. Elka Popova
  • Phototransduction and Neurotransduction in the Retina
    • Phototransduction in Rods and Cones. Yingbin Fu
    • GABAc Receptors. Haohua Qian
    • Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. Vikki P. Connaughton
    • Bipolar cell pathways in the vertebrate retina. Ralph Nelson and Vikki P. Connaughton
  • Evolution and Development of the Vertebrate Retina
    • Evolution of Phototransduction, Vertebrate Photoreceptors and Retina. Trevor D. Lamb
    • Development of cell types and synaptic connections in the retina. Josh Morgan and Rachel Wong
    • Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. Kevin Ford and Marla Feller
    • Development of retinal ganglion cell dendritic structure and synaptic connections. Ning Tian
  • Color Vision
    • Color Vision. Peter Gouras
  • Psychophysics of Vision
    • Principles of Psychophysics. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Visual Acuity. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Temporal Resolution. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Light and Dark Adaptation. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Colour. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Space. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Depth. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
  • Brain Visual Areas
    • Primary Visual Cortex. Matthew Schmolesky
  • Repair & Regeneration in visual sytem
    • Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual System. Sam Nona
    • Regeneration in the visual system of adult mammals. Yves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard
    • Fetal tissue allografts in the central visual system of rodents. Frederic Gaillard and Yves Sauve
  • Electrophysiology and Clinical Research
    • The Electroretinogram: ERG. Ido Perlman
    • The Electroretinogram and Electroculogram: Clinical Applications. Donnell Creel
    • Visually Evoked Potentials. Donnell J. Creel
    • Visual and Auditory anomalies associated with albinism. Donell J. Creel
  • Investigations of Human Retinal Degeneration
    • Retinal Degeneration, Remodeling and Plasticity. Bryan William Jones, Robert E. Marc and Rebecca L. Pfeiffer
    • Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal Detachment. Steven K. Fisher, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Kenneth A. Linberg, Edward Barawid, and Mark R. Verardo
    • Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson
    • Diabetic retinopathy and a novel treatment based on the biophysics of rod photoreceptors and dark adaptation. Geoffrey Arden and David J. Ramsey
    • What is glaucoma?. David Križaj
  • Anterior Segment
    • Crystalline Lens and Cataract. Joah F. Aliancy and Nick Mamalis
    • Intraocular Lenses for Cataract Surgery. Jason Nguyen and Liliana Werner
  • Refractive Errors
    • The Science Behind Myopia. Brittany J. Carr and William K. Stell
  • Visual Prostheses
    • Introduction to Visual Prostheses. E. Fernandez and R.A. Normann.
    • Retinal Prostheses. Ethan Cohen
  • Facts & Figures concerning…
    • Facts and Figures concerning the human retina. Helga Kolb
  • Preface
  • About the Editors
  • Basic Anatomy and Organization of the Retina
    • Gross Anatomy of the Eye. Eduardo Fernandez
    • Simple Anatomy of the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • How the Retina Works (7.5 MB pdf file). Helga Kolb
  • Anatomy and Physiology of the Retina
    • The Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Olaf Strauss
    • Photoreceptors. Helga Kolb
    • Outer Plexiform Layer. Helga Kolb
    • S-Potentials and Horizontal cells. Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson
    • Inner Plexiform Layer. Helga Kolb
    • Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion cells. Helga Kolb
    • Visual Responses of Ganglion cells. Ralph Nelson
    • Melanopsin-expressing, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs). Dustin M. Graham and Kwoon Y. Wong
    • Glial cells of the retina. Helga Kolb
    • The Architecture of the Human Fovea. Helga Kolb, Ralph Nelson, Peter Ahnelt, Isabel Ortuño-Lizarán and Nicolas Cuenca
  • Retinal Circuits
    • Circuitry for Rod Signals. Helga Kolb
    • Cone Pathways through the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • Roles of Amacrine Cells. Helga Kolb
    • AII Amacrine Cells. Mahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton
    • Midget Pathways of the Primate Retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency. Helga Kolb
    • S-cone Pathways. Helga Kolb
    • Feedback Loops. Helga Kolb
    • The Anatomy and Physiology of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells. Jinyue Liu
    • Myriad roles for gap junctions in retinal circuits. Stuart Trenholm, Ph.D. and Gautam B. Awatramani, Ph.D.
  • Neuroactive Substances in the Retina
    • General characteristics of the neurotransmitters in the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • Glycine Receptor Diversity in the Mammalian Retina. Silke Haverkamp
    • The Role of Dopamine in Retinal Function. Elka Popova
  • Phototransduction and Neurotransduction in the Retina
    • Phototransduction in Rods and Cones. Yingbin Fu
    • GABAc Receptors. Haohua Qian
    • Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. Vikki P. Connaughton
    • Bipolar cell pathways in the vertebrate retina. Ralph Nelson and Vikki P. Connaughton
  • Evolution and Development of the Vertebrate Retina
    • Evolution of Phototransduction, Vertebrate Photoreceptors and Retina. Trevor D. Lamb
    • Development of cell types and synaptic connections in the retina. Josh Morgan and Rachel Wong
    • Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. Kevin Ford and Marla Feller
    • Development of retinal ganglion cell dendritic structure and synaptic connections. Ning Tian
  • Color Vision
    • Color Vision. Peter Gouras
  • Psychophysics of Vision
    • Principles of Psychophysics. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Visual Acuity. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Temporal Resolution. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Light and Dark Adaptation. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Colour. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Space. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Depth. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
  • Brain Visual Areas
    • Primary Visual Cortex. Matthew Schmolesky
  • Repair & Regeneration in visual sytem
    • Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual System. Sam Nona
    • Regeneration in the visual system of adult mammals. Yves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard
    • Fetal tissue allografts in the central visual system of rodents. Frederic Gaillard and Yves Sauve
  • Electrophysiology and Clinical Research
    • The Electroretinogram: ERG. Ido Perlman
    • The Electroretinogram and Electroculogram: Clinical Applications. Donnell Creel
    • Visually Evoked Potentials. Donnell J. Creel
    • Visual and Auditory anomalies associated with albinism. Donell J. Creel
  • Investigations of Human Retinal Degeneration
    • Retinal Degeneration, Remodeling and Plasticity. Bryan William Jones, Robert E. Marc and Rebecca L. Pfeiffer
    • Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal Detachment. Steven K. Fisher, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Kenneth A. Linberg, Edward Barawid, and Mark R. Verardo
    • Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson
    • Diabetic retinopathy and a novel treatment based on the biophysics of rod photoreceptors and dark adaptation. Geoffrey Arden and David J. Ramsey
    • What is glaucoma?. David Križaj
  • Anterior Segment
    • Crystalline Lens and Cataract. Joah F. Aliancy and Nick Mamalis
    • Intraocular Lenses for Cataract Surgery. Jason Nguyen and Liliana Werner
  • Refractive Errors
    • The Science Behind Myopia. Brittany J. Carr and William K. Stell
  • Visual Prostheses
    • Introduction to Visual Prostheses. E. Fernandez and R.A. Normann.
    • Retinal Prostheses. Ethan Cohen
  • Facts & Figures concerning…
    • Facts and Figures concerning the human retina. Helga Kolb

Part VII: Color Vision

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