Webvision
  • Preface
  • About Authors
  • Part I: Basic Anatomy and Organization of the Retina
    • 1.1 Gross Anatomy of the Eye. By Eduardo Fernandez
    • 1.2 Simple Anatomy of the Retina. By Helga Kolb
    • 1.3 How the Retina Works. (7.5 MB pdf file). By Helga Kolb
  • Part II: Anatomy and Physiology of Retinal Neurons
    • 2.1 The retinal pigment epithelium. by Olaf Strauss
    • 2.2 Photoreceptors. By Helga Kolb
    • 2.3 Outer plexiform layer. By Helga Kolb
    • 2.4 S-Potentials and Horizontal cells. by Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson
    • 2.5 Inner plexiform layer. By Helga Kolb
    • 2.6 Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion cells. By Helga Kolb
    • 2.7 Visual Responses of Ganglion cells. by Ralph Nelson
    • 2.8 Melanopsin-expressing, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs). By Dustin M. Graham and Kwoon Y. Wong
    • 2.9 Glial cells of the retina. By Helga Kolb
  • Part III: Retinal circuits
    • 3.1 Circuitry for Rod Signals. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.2 Cone pathways through the retina. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.3 Roles of Amacrine Cells. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.4 AII Amacrine Cells. by Mahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton
    • 3.5 Midget Pathways of the primate retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.6 S-cone pathways. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.7 Feedback Loops. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.8 The Anatomy and Physiology of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells. By Jinyue Liu
  • Part IV: Neurotransmitters in the Retina
    • 4.1 General characteristics of the neurotransmitters in the retina. By Helga Kolb
    • 4.2 Glycine Receptor Diversity in the Mammalian Retina. by Silke Haverkamp
  • Part V: Phototransduction and Neurotransduction in the Retina
    • 5.1 Phototransduction in Rods and Cones. by Yingbin Fu
    • 5.2 Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. by Vikki P. Connaughton
    • 5.3 Bipolar cell pathways in the vertebrate retina. by Ralph Nelson and Vikki P. Connaughton
    • 5.4 GABAc Receptors. by Haohua Qian
  • Part VI: Evolution and Development of the Vertebrate Retina
    • 6.1 Evolution of Phototransduction, Vertebrate Photoreceptors and Retina by Trevor D. Lamb
    • 6.2 Development of cell types and synaptic connections in the retina. by Josh Morgan and Rachel Wong
    • 6.3 Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. by Kevin Ford and Marla Feller
    • 6.4 Development of retinal ganglion cell dendritic structure and synaptic connections. by Ning Tian
  • Part VII: Color Vision
    • 7.1 Color Vision. by Peter Gouras
  • Part VIII: Psychophysics of Vision
    • 8.1 Principles of Psychophysics. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.2 Visual Acuity. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.3 Temporal Resolution by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.4 Light and Dark Adaptation. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.5 The Perception of Colour. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.6 The Perception of Space. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.7 The Perception of Depth. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
  • Part IX: Brain Visual Areas
    • 9.1 Primary Visual Cortex. by Matthew Schmolesky
  • Part X: Repair & Regeneration in visual sytem
    • 10.1 Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual System. by Sam Nona
    • 10.2 Regeneration in the visual system of adult mammals. by Yves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard
    • 10.3 Fetal tissue allografts in the central visual system of rodents. by Frederic Gaillard and Yves Sauve
  • Part XI: Electrophysiology and Clinical Research
    • 11.1 The Electroretinogram: ERG. by Ido Perlman
    • 11.2 The Electroretinogram and Electroculogram: Clinical Applications. by Donnell Creel
    • 11.3 Visually Evoked Potentials: by Donnell J. Creel
    • 11.4 Visual and Auditory anomalies associated with albinism. Donell J. Creel
  • Part XII: Investigations of Human Retinal Degeneration
    • 12.1 Retinal Degeneration, Remodeling and Plasticity by Bryan William Jones, Robert E. Marc and Rebecca L. Pfeiffer
    • 12.2 Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal Detachment. by Steven K. Fisher, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Kenneth A. Linberg, Edward Barawid, and Mark R. Verardo
    • 12.3 Age-Related Macular Degeneration. by Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson
    • 12.4 Diabetic retinopathy and a novel treatment based on the biophysics of rod photoreceptors and dark adaptation. By Geoffrey Arden and David J. Ramsey
  • Part XIII: Anterior Segment
    • 13.1 Crystalline Lens and Cataract by Joah F. Aliancy and Nick Mamalis
    • 13.2 Intraocular Lenses for Cataract Surgery by Jason Nguyen and Liliana Werner
  • Part XIV: Refractive Errors
    • 14.1: The Science Behind Myopia by Brittany J. Carr and William K. Stell
  • Part XV: Visual Prostheses
    • 15.1 Introduction to Visual Prostheses. By E. Fernandez and R.A. Normann.
    • 15.2 Retinal Prostheses. By Ethan Cohen
  • Part XVI: Facts & Figures concerning…
    • 16.1 Facts and Figures concerning the human retina. By Helga Kolb
  • Preface
  • About Authors
  • Part I: Basic Anatomy and Organization of the Retina
    • 1.1 Gross Anatomy of the Eye. By Eduardo Fernandez
    • 1.2 Simple Anatomy of the Retina. By Helga Kolb
    • 1.3 How the Retina Works. (7.5 MB pdf file). By Helga Kolb
  • Part II: Anatomy and Physiology of Retinal Neurons
    • 2.1 The retinal pigment epithelium. by Olaf Strauss
    • 2.2 Photoreceptors. By Helga Kolb
    • 2.3 Outer plexiform layer. By Helga Kolb
    • 2.4 S-Potentials and Horizontal cells. by Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson
    • 2.5 Inner plexiform layer. By Helga Kolb
    • 2.6 Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion cells. By Helga Kolb
    • 2.7 Visual Responses of Ganglion cells. by Ralph Nelson
    • 2.8 Melanopsin-expressing, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs). By Dustin M. Graham and Kwoon Y. Wong
    • 2.9 Glial cells of the retina. By Helga Kolb
  • Part III: Retinal circuits
    • 3.1 Circuitry for Rod Signals. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.2 Cone pathways through the retina. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.3 Roles of Amacrine Cells. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.4 AII Amacrine Cells. by Mahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton
    • 3.5 Midget Pathways of the primate retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.6 S-cone pathways. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.7 Feedback Loops. By Helga Kolb
    • 3.8 The Anatomy and Physiology of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells. By Jinyue Liu
  • Part IV: Neurotransmitters in the Retina
    • 4.1 General characteristics of the neurotransmitters in the retina. By Helga Kolb
    • 4.2 Glycine Receptor Diversity in the Mammalian Retina. by Silke Haverkamp
  • Part V: Phototransduction and Neurotransduction in the Retina
    • 5.1 Phototransduction in Rods and Cones. by Yingbin Fu
    • 5.2 Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. by Vikki P. Connaughton
    • 5.3 Bipolar cell pathways in the vertebrate retina. by Ralph Nelson and Vikki P. Connaughton
    • 5.4 GABAc Receptors. by Haohua Qian
  • Part VI: Evolution and Development of the Vertebrate Retina
    • 6.1 Evolution of Phototransduction, Vertebrate Photoreceptors and Retina by Trevor D. Lamb
    • 6.2 Development of cell types and synaptic connections in the retina. by Josh Morgan and Rachel Wong
    • 6.3 Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. by Kevin Ford and Marla Feller
    • 6.4 Development of retinal ganglion cell dendritic structure and synaptic connections. by Ning Tian
  • Part VII: Color Vision
    • 7.1 Color Vision. by Peter Gouras
  • Part VIII: Psychophysics of Vision
    • 8.1 Principles of Psychophysics. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.2 Visual Acuity. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.3 Temporal Resolution by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.4 Light and Dark Adaptation. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.5 The Perception of Colour. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.6 The Perception of Space. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • 8.7 The Perception of Depth. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
  • Part IX: Brain Visual Areas
    • 9.1 Primary Visual Cortex. by Matthew Schmolesky
  • Part X: Repair & Regeneration in visual sytem
    • 10.1 Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual System. by Sam Nona
    • 10.2 Regeneration in the visual system of adult mammals. by Yves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard
    • 10.3 Fetal tissue allografts in the central visual system of rodents. by Frederic Gaillard and Yves Sauve
  • Part XI: Electrophysiology and Clinical Research
    • 11.1 The Electroretinogram: ERG. by Ido Perlman
    • 11.2 The Electroretinogram and Electroculogram: Clinical Applications. by Donnell Creel
    • 11.3 Visually Evoked Potentials: by Donnell J. Creel
    • 11.4 Visual and Auditory anomalies associated with albinism. Donell J. Creel
  • Part XII: Investigations of Human Retinal Degeneration
    • 12.1 Retinal Degeneration, Remodeling and Plasticity by Bryan William Jones, Robert E. Marc and Rebecca L. Pfeiffer
    • 12.2 Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal Detachment. by Steven K. Fisher, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Kenneth A. Linberg, Edward Barawid, and Mark R. Verardo
    • 12.3 Age-Related Macular Degeneration. by Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson
    • 12.4 Diabetic retinopathy and a novel treatment based on the biophysics of rod photoreceptors and dark adaptation. By Geoffrey Arden and David J. Ramsey
  • Part XIII: Anterior Segment
    • 13.1 Crystalline Lens and Cataract by Joah F. Aliancy and Nick Mamalis
    • 13.2 Intraocular Lenses for Cataract Surgery by Jason Nguyen and Liliana Werner
  • Part XIV: Refractive Errors
    • 14.1: The Science Behind Myopia by Brittany J. Carr and William K. Stell
  • Part XV: Visual Prostheses
    • 15.1 Introduction to Visual Prostheses. By E. Fernandez and R.A. Normann.
    • 15.2 Retinal Prostheses. By Ethan Cohen
  • Part XVI: Facts & Figures concerning…
    • 16.1 Facts and Figures concerning the human retina. By Helga Kolb

Part VII: Color Vision

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