WebVision header

WebVision Search

Preface About Authors

Part I Basic Anatomy and Organization of the Retina

1.1 Gross Anatomy of the Eye. By Eduardo Fernandez
1.2 Simple Anatomy of the Retina. By Helga Kolb
1.3 How the Retina Works. (7.5 MB pdf file). By Helga Kolb

Part II Detailed Anatomy and Physiology of Retinal Neurons

2.1 The retinal pigment epithelium. by Olaf Strauss
2.2 Photoreceptors. By Helga Kolb
2.3 Outer plexiform layer. By Helga Kolb
2.4 S-Potentials and Horizontal cells. by Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson
2.5 Inner plexiform layer. By Helga Kolb
2.6 Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion cells. By Helga Kolb
2.7 Visual Responses of Ganglion cells. by Ralph Nelson
2.8 Melanopsin-expressing, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs). By Dustin M. Graham and Kwoon Y. Wong Y
2.9 Glial cells of the retina. By Helga Kolb

Part III Retinal circuits

3.1 Circuitry for Rod Signals. By Helga Kolb
3.2 Cone pathways through the retina. By Helga Kolb
3.3 Roles of Amacrine Cells. By Helga Kolb
3.4 AII Amacrine Cells. by Mahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton
3.5 Midget Pathways of the primate retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency. By Helga Kolb
3.6 S-cone pathways. By Helga Kolb
3.7 Feedback Loops. By Helga Kolb
3.8 The Anatomy and Physiology of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells. By Jinyue Liu

Part IV Neurotransmitters in the Retina

4.1 General characteristics of the neurotransmitters in the retina. By Helga Kolb
4.2 Glycine Receptor Diversity in the Mammalian Retina. by Silke Haverkamp

Part V Phototransduction and Neurotransduction in the Retina

5.1 Phototransduction in Rods and Cones. by Yingbin Fu
5.2 Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. by Vikki P. Connaughton
5.3 Bipolar cell pathways in the vertebrate retina. by Ralph Nelson and Vikki P. Connaughton
5.4 GABAc Receptors. by Haohua Qian

Part VI Retinal Neurogenesis: Early stages in the development of neurons and pathways

6.1 Evolution of Phototransduction, Vertebrate Photoreceptors and Retina by Trevor D. Lamb
6.2 Development of cell types and synaptic connections in the retina. by Josh Morgan and Rachel Wong
6.3 Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. by Kevin Ford and Marla Feller
6.4 Development of retinal ganglion cell dendritic structure and synaptic connections. by Ning Tian

Part VII

7.1 Color Vision. by Peter Gouras

Part VIII Neural basis of color vision

8.1 Principles of Psychophysics. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
8.2 Visual Acuity. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
8.3 Temporal Resolution by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
8.4 Light and Dark Adaptation. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
8.5 The Perception of Colour. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
8.6 The Perception of Space. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
8.7 The Perception of Depth. By Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu

Part IX Brain Visual Areas

9.1 Primary Visual Cortex. by Matthew Schmolesky

Part X Repair & Regeneration in visual sytem

10.1 Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual System. by Sam Nona
10.2 Regeneration in the visual system of adult mammals. by Yves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard
10.3 Fetal tissue allografts in the central visual system of rodents. by Frederic Gaillard and Yves Sauve

Part XI Techniques in Clinical Opthalmic Research

11.1 The Electroretinogram: ERG. by Ido Perlman
11.2 The Electroretinogram and Electrooculogram: Clinical Applications. by Donnell Creel
11.3 Visually Evoked Potentials: by Donnell J. Creel

Part XII Investigations of Human Retinal Degeneration

12.1 Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal Detachment. by Steven K. Fisher, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Kenneth A. Linberg, Edward Barawid, and Mark R. Verardo
12.2 Age-Related Macular Degeneration. by Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson
12.3 Visual and Auditory anomalies associated with albinism. Donell J. Creel
12.4 Diabetic retinopathy and a novel treatment based on the biophysics of rod photoreceptors and dark adaptation. By Geoffrey Arden and David J. Ramsey

Part XIII Visual Prostheses

13.1 Introduction to Visual Prostheses. By E. Fernandez and R.A. Normann
13.2 Prosthetic interfaces with the visual system: biological issues. By Ethan Cohen

Part XIV

14 Facts and Figures concerning the human retina. By Helga Kolb

VinFuture Prize Nomination Privacy Policy

Home / part x brain visual areas

Part IX Brain Visual Areas

Redirecting…

If it doesn’t happen automatically, open /part-x-brain-visual-areas/9-1-primary-visual-cortex-by-matthew-schmolesky/

2026 Webvision