Webvision
  • Preface
  • About the Editors
  • Basic Anatomy and Organization of the Retina
    • Gross Anatomy of the Eye. Eduardo Fernandez
    • Simple Anatomy of the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • How the Retina Works (7.5 MB pdf file). Helga Kolb
  • Anatomy and Physiology of the Retina
    • The Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Olaf Strauss
    • Photoreceptors. Helga Kolb
    • Outer Plexiform Layer. Helga Kolb
    • S-Potentials and Horizontal cells. Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson
    • Inner Plexiform Layer. Helga Kolb
    • Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion cells. Helga Kolb
    • Visual Responses of Ganglion cells. Ralph Nelson
    • Melanopsin-expressing, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs). Dustin M. Graham and Kwoon Y. Wong
    • Glial cells of the retina. Helga Kolb
    • The Architecture of the Human Fovea. Helga Kolb, Ralph Nelson, Peter Ahnelt, Isabel Ortuño-Lizarán and Nicolas Cuenca
  • Retinal Circuits
    • Circuitry for Rod Signals. Helga Kolb
    • Cone Pathways through the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • Roles of Amacrine Cells. Helga Kolb
    • AII Amacrine Cells. Mahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton
    • Midget Pathways of the Primate Retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency. Helga Kolb
    • S-cone Pathways. Helga Kolb
    • Feedback Loops. Helga Kolb
    • The Anatomy and Physiology of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells. Jinyue Liu
    • Myriad roles for gap junctions in retinal circuits. Stuart Trenholm, Ph.D. and Gautam B. Awatramani, Ph.D.
  • Neuroactive Substances in the Retina
    • General characteristics of the neurotransmitters in the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • Glycine Receptor Diversity in the Mammalian Retina. Silke Haverkamp
    • The Role of Dopamine in Retinal Function. Elka Popova
  • Phototransduction and Neurotransduction in the Retina
    • Phototransduction in Rods and Cones. Yingbin Fu
    • GABAc Receptors. Haohua Qian
    • Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. Vikki P. Connaughton
    • Bipolar cell pathways in the vertebrate retina. Ralph Nelson and Vikki P. Connaughton
  • Evolution and Development of the Vertebrate Retina
    • Evolution of Phototransduction, Vertebrate Photoreceptors and Retina. Trevor D. Lamb
    • Development of cell types and synaptic connections in the retina. Josh Morgan and Rachel Wong
    • Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. Kevin Ford and Marla Feller
    • Development of retinal ganglion cell dendritic structure and synaptic connections. Ning Tian
  • Color Vision
    • Color Vision. Peter Gouras
  • Psychophysics of Vision
    • Principles of Psychophysics. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Visual Acuity. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Temporal Resolution. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Light and Dark Adaptation. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Colour. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Space. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Depth. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
  • Brain Visual Areas
    • Primary Visual Cortex. Matthew Schmolesky
  • Repair & Regeneration in visual sytem
    • Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual System. Sam Nona
    • Regeneration in the visual system of adult mammals. Yves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard
    • Fetal tissue allografts in the central visual system of rodents. Frederic Gaillard and Yves Sauve
  • Electrophysiology and Clinical Research
    • The Electroretinogram: ERG. Ido Perlman
    • The Electroretinogram and Electroculogram: Clinical Applications. Donnell Creel
    • Visually Evoked Potentials. Donnell J. Creel
    • Visual and Auditory anomalies associated with albinism. Donell J. Creel
  • Investigations of Human Retinal Degeneration
    • Retinal Degeneration, Remodeling and Plasticity. Bryan William Jones, Robert E. Marc and Rebecca L. Pfeiffer
    • Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal Detachment. Steven K. Fisher, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Kenneth A. Linberg, Edward Barawid, and Mark R. Verardo
    • Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson
    • Diabetic retinopathy and a novel treatment based on the biophysics of rod photoreceptors and dark adaptation. Geoffrey Arden and David J. Ramsey
    • What is glaucoma?. David Križaj
  • Anterior Segment
    • Crystalline Lens and Cataract. Joah F. Aliancy and Nick Mamalis
    • Intraocular Lenses for Cataract Surgery. Jason Nguyen and Liliana Werner
  • Refractive Errors
    • The Science Behind Myopia. Brittany J. Carr and William K. Stell
  • Visual Prostheses
    • Introduction to Visual Prostheses. E. Fernandez and R.A. Normann.
    • Retinal Prostheses. Ethan Cohen
  • Facts & Figures concerning…
    • Facts and Figures concerning the human retina. Helga Kolb
  • Preface
  • About the Editors
  • Basic Anatomy and Organization of the Retina
    • Gross Anatomy of the Eye. Eduardo Fernandez
    • Simple Anatomy of the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • How the Retina Works (7.5 MB pdf file). Helga Kolb
  • Anatomy and Physiology of the Retina
    • The Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Olaf Strauss
    • Photoreceptors. Helga Kolb
    • Outer Plexiform Layer. Helga Kolb
    • S-Potentials and Horizontal cells. Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson
    • Inner Plexiform Layer. Helga Kolb
    • Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion cells. Helga Kolb
    • Visual Responses of Ganglion cells. Ralph Nelson
    • Melanopsin-expressing, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs). Dustin M. Graham and Kwoon Y. Wong
    • Glial cells of the retina. Helga Kolb
    • The Architecture of the Human Fovea. Helga Kolb, Ralph Nelson, Peter Ahnelt, Isabel Ortuño-Lizarán and Nicolas Cuenca
  • Retinal Circuits
    • Circuitry for Rod Signals. Helga Kolb
    • Cone Pathways through the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • Roles of Amacrine Cells. Helga Kolb
    • AII Amacrine Cells. Mahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton
    • Midget Pathways of the Primate Retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency. Helga Kolb
    • S-cone Pathways. Helga Kolb
    • Feedback Loops. Helga Kolb
    • The Anatomy and Physiology of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells. Jinyue Liu
    • Myriad roles for gap junctions in retinal circuits. Stuart Trenholm, Ph.D. and Gautam B. Awatramani, Ph.D.
  • Neuroactive Substances in the Retina
    • General characteristics of the neurotransmitters in the Retina. Helga Kolb
    • Glycine Receptor Diversity in the Mammalian Retina. Silke Haverkamp
    • The Role of Dopamine in Retinal Function. Elka Popova
  • Phototransduction and Neurotransduction in the Retina
    • Phototransduction in Rods and Cones. Yingbin Fu
    • GABAc Receptors. Haohua Qian
    • Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. Vikki P. Connaughton
    • Bipolar cell pathways in the vertebrate retina. Ralph Nelson and Vikki P. Connaughton
  • Evolution and Development of the Vertebrate Retina
    • Evolution of Phototransduction, Vertebrate Photoreceptors and Retina. Trevor D. Lamb
    • Development of cell types and synaptic connections in the retina. Josh Morgan and Rachel Wong
    • Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. Kevin Ford and Marla Feller
    • Development of retinal ganglion cell dendritic structure and synaptic connections. Ning Tian
  • Color Vision
    • Color Vision. Peter Gouras
  • Psychophysics of Vision
    • Principles of Psychophysics. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Visual Acuity. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Temporal Resolution. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Light and Dark Adaptation. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Colour. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Space. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • The Perception of Depth. Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
  • Brain Visual Areas
    • Primary Visual Cortex. Matthew Schmolesky
  • Repair & Regeneration in visual sytem
    • Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual System. Sam Nona
    • Regeneration in the visual system of adult mammals. Yves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard
    • Fetal tissue allografts in the central visual system of rodents. Frederic Gaillard and Yves Sauve
  • Electrophysiology and Clinical Research
    • The Electroretinogram: ERG. Ido Perlman
    • The Electroretinogram and Electroculogram: Clinical Applications. Donnell Creel
    • Visually Evoked Potentials. Donnell J. Creel
    • Visual and Auditory anomalies associated with albinism. Donell J. Creel
  • Investigations of Human Retinal Degeneration
    • Retinal Degeneration, Remodeling and Plasticity. Bryan William Jones, Robert E. Marc and Rebecca L. Pfeiffer
    • Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal Detachment. Steven K. Fisher, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Kenneth A. Linberg, Edward Barawid, and Mark R. Verardo
    • Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson
    • Diabetic retinopathy and a novel treatment based on the biophysics of rod photoreceptors and dark adaptation. Geoffrey Arden and David J. Ramsey
    • What is glaucoma?. David Križaj
  • Anterior Segment
    • Crystalline Lens and Cataract. Joah F. Aliancy and Nick Mamalis
    • Intraocular Lenses for Cataract Surgery. Jason Nguyen and Liliana Werner
  • Refractive Errors
    • The Science Behind Myopia. Brittany J. Carr and William K. Stell
  • Visual Prostheses
    • Introduction to Visual Prostheses. E. Fernandez and R.A. Normann.
    • Retinal Prostheses. Ethan Cohen
  • Facts & Figures concerning…
    • Facts and Figures concerning the human retina. Helga Kolb

Basic Anatomy and Organization of the Retina

1.1 Gross Anatomy of the Eye. By Eduardo Fernandez

1.2 Simple Anatomy of the Retina. By Helga Kolb

1.3 How the Retina Works. (7.5 MB pdf file). By Helga Kolb

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